News | Page 9 | Pediatrics

Karam, Nellis, Receive R34 Award for Platelet Transfusion Strategies Pilot Study

September 28, 2022

This article was originally posted in the Yale Medicine Newsroom.

In a first of its kind pilot study, Oliver Karam, MD, PhD, chief of pediatric critical care at Yale School of Medicine, and Marianne Nellis, MD, MS, associate professor in pediatric critical care at Weill Cornell Medicine, have been funded by the National Institutes of Health (NIH) to study different platelet transfusion thresholds for children supported by ECMO machines (extracorporeal membrane oxygenation). The ECmo hemoSTAtic Transfusions In Children (ECSTATIC) pilot trial will test two different platelet transfusion strategies, based on two different platelet count thresholds in critically ill infants and children.

Patients have received blood transfusions since as far back as 1820 but they became more widely used on the battlefield during World War I. Ever since, people have been giving and receiving blood, but there are relatively few studies to help doctors determine when and how blood products may be used most effectively.

Understanding Polio's Emergence in New York

September 27, 2022

This article was originally posted in the WCM Newsroom.

Unlike COVID-19 or the flu, polio is entirely and permanently preventable. In fact, until this year, there had not been one case of polio that originated in this country since 1979. A case in 1993 was brought to these shores by someone who had traveled to a country where the disease was endemic.

As long as you and your children are vaccinated, you have nothing to worry about. But if you are unvaccinated or under-vaccinated, doctors and public health officials urge you to waste no time in getting the polio vaccine, which confers lifelong protection against a potentially disabling disease.

The public health picture

A handful of polio-caused paralysis cases in New York, London and Jerusalem may seem minor compared to the massive global impact of the COVID-19 pandemic. But in public health terms, the recent polio outbreak is anything but minor. That’s because the poliovirus causes paralysis in fewer than 1 in 200 of the people it infects, according to the World Health Organization (WHO). Think of the one case of paralysis in New York’s Rockland County as the tip of a very large iceberg.

The National CMV Foundation Awards Claire Otero Funding for CMV Vaccine Development Research

September 15, 2022

Ms. Claire Otero, a graduate assistant in Pediatrics, has been awarded a grant from the National CMV Foundation for her study, “Pre-clinical assessment of HCMV viral Fc receptors as vaccine targets.” The study aims to improve vaccine immunogenicity by targeting proteins expressed by cytomegalovirus (CMV) that interfere with key antibody responses.

CMV is the most common congenital infection, leading to a high burden of hearing loss and neurologic impairment in many affected infants. However, a vaccine against CMV has yet to be licensed, in part due to unclear immune correlates of protection. Recent work has implicated Fc mediated antibody effector functions (aka non-neutralizing antibodies) in prevention of placental CMV transmission.

This is a proof-of-concept study to define the immunogenicity of CMV viral Fc receptors (vFcRs), which function to inhibit Fc-mediated antibody responses. The overall goal is to improve Fc mediated antibody responses against standard vaccine antigens by targeting one or more vFcRs via active vaccination.

Dr. Oleh Akchurin Awarded Grant to Identify Novel Actionable Drivers of Anemia in Children with Chronic Kidney Disease

September 14, 2022

Oleh Akchurin, M.D., Ph.D., Assistant Professor of Pediatrics and Associate Director of the Physician Scientist Training Program in Pediatrics has received funding for his study, “Role of myeloid cells in the pathophysiology of anemia in children with chronic kidney disease” from the Sy Syms Foundation and Van Pelt/Bass Foundation.

Macrophages are known to play a major role in iron metabolism, as evident from non-kidney related pre-clinical and patient-oriented studies. At the same time, disruptions in iron metabolism play a critical role in the development of anemia in children with chronic kidney disease (CKD). However, the role of macrophages, and their precursors, monocytes, in the development of anemia in children with CKD remains poorly understood. In this study, stemming from his previous work, Dr. Akchurin will test how the changes in monocyte/macrophage behavior in CKD affect the production and survival of red blood cells. His research team will specifically focus on the function of ferritin in macrophages in monocytes.

Dr. Vivien Yap Appointed Medical Director of the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit

September 8, 2022

The Department of Pediatrics is pleased to announce the appointment of Vivien Yap, M.D. as Medical Director of the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU) in the Division of Neonatology at Weill Cornell Medicine and NewYork-Presbyterian Komansky Children’s Hospital, effective July 1st, 2022.

Dr. Yap completed her fellowship in Neonatal-Perinatal Medicine here at NewYork-Presbyterian/Weill Cornell Medical Center and accepted a position at the University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences thereafter. She then returned to Weill Cornell Medicine in 2014 to become a faculty member and Neonatal-Perinatal Medicine Fellowship Director in the Division of Neonatology.

Dr. Yap has been the first author or co-authored 12 peer reviewed manuscripts and has also co-authored three book chapters. She is currently a council member and Chair of the planning committee for the Eastern Society for Pediatric Research.

As the NICU Medical Director, Dr. Yap will oversee the development and implementation of state-of-the-art clinical guidelines, ensure care of the service and manage care team models. She will oversee clinical practice, implement regulatory processes, and represent NICU clinical operations in NewYork-Presbyterian leadership meetings.

Dr. Cori M. Green Named Vice Chair of Behavioral Health Integration and Innovation

September 7, 2022

The Department of Pediatrics is pleased to announce the appointment of Cori M. Green, M.D., M.Sc. as Vice Chair of Behavioral Health Integration and Innovation, effective August 1, 2022.

Dr. Green is an Associate Professor of Clinical Pediatrics at Weill Cornell Medicine, board certified in Pediatrics, and holds a Master of Science in Clinical Investigation. A nationally recognized leader in behavioral and mental health education, Dr. Green's clinical and research focus is the integration of pediatric mental health care into pediatric care. Dr. Green is a consultant for the American Board of Pediatrics (ABP) where she nationally assessed pediatrician’s attitudes and perceived competence with mental health training and care of patients. She is also a member of the American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) Mental Health Leadership Workgroup and was an author on the AAP’s mental health competency policy statement and an editor for the mental health toolkit.

Weill Cornell Medicine PICU Selected to Participate in NIH Funded Study to Improve Outcomes for Children with Septic Shock

August 30, 2022

The Division of Pediatric Critical Care Medicine at Weill Cornell Medicine has been selected as one of 12 sites to participate in the National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute (NHLBI) sponsored study, “Transfusion and Organ Dysfunction in Pediatric Septic Shock (TROPICS).” Led by Dr. Jennifer Muszynski at Nationwide Children's Hospital, TROPICS seeks to build decision support tools that can be used in future clinical trials to identify when children with septic shock should or should not be transfused with RBCs. Dr. Marianne Nellis, associate professor of pediatrics and director of fellows’ research in pediatrics, will lead the study at Weill Cornell Medicine.

Worldwide, nearly 3 million children die each year from sepsis. Red blood cells (RBC) are transfused in ~50% of children with septic shock, with the intent to enhance oxygen delivery, help resolve shock, and prevent organ dysfunction. However, RBC transfusion has repeatedly been associated with adverse outcomes in critical illness, suggesting harm. For most children with septic shock, we lack data to identify who should or should not be transfused.

The study, conducted in the NewYork-Presbyterian Komansky Children’s Hospital Pediatric Intensive Care Unit, will inform the design and evaluation of precision-medicine based transfusion strategies to improve outcomes in these extremely ill infants and children with septic shock.

Preclinical Study Suggests Gut Bacteria May Influence Viral Entry, Immune Response and Coagulation in COVID-19

August 18, 2022

This article was originally posted in the WCM Newsroom.

A new preclinical study by Weill Cornell Medicine investigators found that certain bacteria in the gut may reduce susceptibility to SARS-CoV-2 infection, improve the immune response and prevent blood clots that can occur in severe COVID-19 illness. The study, published Aug. 1 in Gut Microbes, suggests that dietary choices may also have the potential to enhance efforts to combat COVID-19 and its complications in humans.

The composition of the gut microbiome has previously been linked to varying outcomes for health conditions such as inflammatory bowel disease, asthma, COPD and influenza. The investigators, led by senior author Dr. Melody Zeng, assistant professor of immunology in pediatrics in the Department of Pediatrics and a member of the Gale and Ira Drukier Institute for Children’s Research at Weill Cornell Medicine, believed that the same might be true for COVID-19.

UnitedHealthcare Donates $1 Million to Nonprofits in New York

August 10, 2022

NEW YORK (Aug. 10, 2022) — UnitedHealthcare, a UnitedHealth Group (NYSE: UNH) company, is awarding $1 million in Empowering Health grants to six community-based organizations in New York state to expand access to care and address the social determinants of health for uninsured individuals and underserved communities.

In total, UnitedHealthcare is donating $11 million in grants through its Empowering Health program across 11 states. The grants will assist individuals and families experiencing challenges from food insecurity, social isolation and behavioral health issues, and support local health promotion and health literacy efforts.

Grant recipients in New York state include:

Dr. Marianne Nellis to Serve as Director of Fellows’ Research in Pediatrics

August 5, 2022

We are pleased to announce the appointment of Marianne Nellis, M.D. M.S., as Director of Fellows’ Research in Pediatrics. In this role, together with the Vice-Chair of Education in Pediatrics, Dr. Nellis will oversee the quality of fellow research training and academic scholarly work within the department. She will collaborate with the Director of Clinical Research Mentoring and the Department’s Vice Chairs of Research to facilitate and oversee the development of fellows’ scholarly activity, the scholarship oversight committee and research-in-progress processes and mentor-mentee relationships. She will also lead the Fellows’ Research Curriculum, developing and maintaining a core content of educational activities to facilitate the fellows’ scholarly activity success.